Learn Basic Conjugates of Souhaiter (to Wish) in French

The French verb  souhaiter  means to wish. Theres no really good association or memory trick for an English counterpart, so youll simply have to remember its meaning. Conjugating the verb to mean things such as she is wishing or we wished is not too difficult. Its a regular verb so French students with some experience in conjugations will find this lesson relatively easy. The Basic Conjugations of  Souhaiter All French verbs must be conjugated. Unlike English, which offers only a few forms based on the present, past, or future tense, French changes the word for every subject pronoun within each tense. This means you have more memorization work to do, but it does get easier with practice. Souhaiter  is a  regular -er verb, so it follows the patterns of the majority of French verbs. Consider studying a few at a time to make each a little easier to memorize. Words like  rà ªver  (to dream)  and  trouver  (to find)  would be excellent study companions. With any conjugation, the indicative mood is the easiest and most useful. This includes the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses which you will use frequently. Begin by finding the verb stem ( souhait-), then study the chart to find the ending that fits the subject and the tense. This gives us things like  je souhaite  for I am wishing and  nous souhaitions  for we wished. Present Future Imperfect je souhaite souhaiterai souhaitais tu souhaites souhaiteras souhaitais il souhaite souhaitera souhaitait nous souhaitons souhaiterons souhaitions vous souhaitez souhaiterez souhaitiez ils souhaitent souhaiteront souhaitaient The Present Participle of  Souhaiter As with most regular verbs, the  present participle  is an easy conjugation. Simply add -ant  to the radical and you have  souhaitant. Souhaiter  in the Compound Past Tense For the compound past tense (passà © composà ©) in French, youll need an auxiliary verb. For souhaiter that is avoir, which needs to be conjugated in the present according to the subject. You will then simply add the past participle souhaità © to ensure the actions interpreted as having already happened. Its actually quite easy to form. For example, I wished is  jai souhaità ©Ã‚  and we wished is  nous avons souhaità ©. More Simple Conjugations of  Souhaiter The subjunctive  forms of  souhaiter  can be used to question whether the act of wishing actually happens.  The conditional  says that the act is dependent on certain conditions. You should only need the passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  if you read or write in French as these are literary tenses. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je souhaite souhaiterais souhaitai souhaitasse tu souhaites souhaiterais souhaitas souhaitasses il souhaite souhaiterait souhaita souhaitt nous souhaitions souhaiterions souhaitmes souhaitassions vous souhaitiez souhaiteriez souhaittes souhaitassiez ils souhaitent souhaiteraient souhaitrent souhaitassent The French imperative  is used for short statements and theres no need to include the subject pronoun. Simplify  tu souhaite  to  souhaite  and youre good to go. Imperative (tu)           souhaite (nous)   souhaitons (vous)  Ã‚  souhaitez​

Bodybuilding And Its Effect On The Body - 1514 Words

Bodybuilding has been around for centuries, it began as a Greek idea to transform the body. The exact definition of bodybuilding is the practice of strengthening and enlarging the muscles of the body through exercises. Greeks would primarily use large stones of different weight to gain muscular enhancement. Though their techniques seem incompetent compared to the training of modern day bodybuilders it is not all that different. The stones substituted for modern weights and as a result they were still able to accomplish impressive body transformations. The first person to be recognized for modern day bodybuilding Eugene Sandow, he would let the masses view his muscular figure in awe as he flexed on stage for the crowds. Though he was not being compared to other bodybuilders on stage like present-day bodybuilders would be, he was the first person to use his physic strictly for aesthetic and viewing purposes. Most large muscular men at the time used their bodies for wrestling or strength performance. Eugene became so popular he later patented his own exercise equipment for the public. These workout devices included tension bands, machine dumbbells, and spring pulleys. In 1904 the first large-scale bodybuilding competition took place in New York City at the Madison Square Garden. The winner was Al Treloar, he was declared the most perfectly developed man in the world. He was given a one thousand dollar cash prize which was a substantial amount of money at the time. To buildShow MoreRelatedStrength training vs Bodybuilding1057 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: WHY BODY BUILD WHY BODY BUILD WHEN YOU CAN STRENGTH TRAIN â€Æ' Abstract Studies have shown that there are benefits to strength training and bodybuilding. The health benefits to strength training overshadow the reasons to body build. While, both types of training involve weightlifting, there are quite a few variances in the way there workouts are completed. The way the muscle grows or appears to grow in these different styles of training are completely differentRead MorePsychology Of Bodybuilding And The Bodybuilding Industry Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology of BodyBuilding When you hear BodyBuilding you probably think Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lou Ferrigno, Phil Health, Sylvester Stallone or Ronnie Coleman. As a competitor in the BodyBuilding industry, you try to think of different ways to stay motivated and use imagery to help you stay motivated. But what if you don’t like the way you look, are you going to turn to steroids or maybe you can’t lose the weight you want are you going to start starving yourself to get to that weight you wantRead MoreThe Between Yoga And Bodybuilding1172 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween yoga and bodybuilding. In truth, the two exercises are more closely connected than many people realize: Both practices focus on improving the human body and, while they might diverge, there are still plenty of exercises and benefits to be found. As a form of exercise, yoga is fantastic for improving vitality, thanks to its focus on improving postures and creating harmony between the body and mind. It s a great practice to improve and counteract some of the effects of bodybuilding. WeightliftingRead MoreTaking A Look At Bodybuilding Supplements972 Words   |  4 PagesTaking a look at bodybuilding supplements Supplements can come as a great solution for the bodybuilder that wants to get better results from his workouts. But before diving into the land of bodybuilding supplements, buying everything you can and everything you heard that might be good for bigger gains, you should calm a little bit and inform yourself on what does what. There are a plethora of products on the market. There is the real supplement, the product that will aid you in your workout toRead MoreArnolds Philosophy on Bodybuilding1563 Words   |  7 Pagesbrought bodybuilding to the masses. In his novel, Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder, he thoroughly describes his philosophies and gives the reader insight on how to become just like him by following simple workout routines. Arnolds approach to bodybuilding was more mental than physical. For him, it was, and still is, all or nothing. While competing, he did not go through the motions; he worked out to be larger than life. In one of his most powerful philosophies he connected bodybuilding to theRead MoreDietary Supplements Can Damage the Liver 773 Words   |  3 Pagesto take these than to buy and prepare healthy meals, especially when they are busy with work or if quality foods are not easily available. To others, taking specific food supplements is a means to increase immunity to certain diseases, support bodybuilding, or achieve weight loss. Some health care providers recommend taking dietary supplements to replace nutritional deficiencies but most experts advise consuming a healthy, balance diet that provides most of the nutrients one needs to maintain healthRead MoreUnder the Influence of the Media1433 Words   |  6 Pagestechniques to capture the attention of their targeted audience. They have the ability of incorporating digital effects and using the errors of past decades to guide them. This gives directors and producers the opportunity to put in more creativity and produce a high-quality movie. Movies in the current era usually involve green screen, a broad variety of music or film score, computers for digital effects, better camera movements and editing systems. In this generation, it is reflected that roles have beenRead MoreWhy to Do a Dead Lifting Rountine Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesDead Lifting There are many different exercises for building the body not all are appropriate for every person. Any type of resistance training can help any person in many ways. By adding heavy dead lifting to your routine you can boost your muscles, improve your physique and strengthen your bones. All of these improvements will give your body power but, with any type of body training especially dead lifting it is critical to perform them correctly and add weight gradually in small increases. ThisRead MoreEssay on Benefits and Effects of Different Types of Training921 Words   |  4 PagesPeople often think that bodybuilding is the best way to show off muscle strength. Instead, there are smarter ways to gain strength and show off strength and it can be done in more effective ways than straight weight lifting. In this report, I will show the benefits and effects of different types of training. Strong muscles, being essential to good health, can be built and toned through many different forms of exercise. Three primary methods of strength training are traditional exercise, alternativeRead MoreControversial Essay on Bodybuilding1771 Words   |  8 PagesBodybuilding and Steroids: An Ongoing Controversy Throughout many generations as well as the present day, bodybuilding has been a much favored sport in the fitness industry. The question first begins with what a sport is determined to be. The definition seems to be: â€Å"a human activity capable of achieving a result requiring physical exertion and skill, which by nature, is competitive† (Kennedy 121). Conceivably, bodybuilding fits the definition; However, the primary problem that bodybuilders

The Industry Structure The Behavior of Firms in the PC Industry Free Essays

In this paper I will discuss the industry structure and the behavior of firms in the Personal Computer Industry. The personal computer industry has five leaders: Compaq Computer Corporation (CCC), Dell Computer Corporation, International Business Machines (IBM), Hewlett-Packard, and Gateway, (Industry Survey, Apr. 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on The Industry Structure The Behavior of Firms in the PC Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The PC industry, as discussed in the paper, is comprised only of home/business use machines, not mainframes, databases, or any kind of servers or super-computers. The PC industry is a fast-growing, consumer-based oligopoly. I will prove the latter through the use of industry characteristics and firm behaviors by giving an overview of each leading firm and their behaviors†, then by combining them into an industry analysis. The companies will be addressed from top leader to bottom. Compaq Computer Corporation,(CCC) is the current industry leader. CCC boasts a 1999 market share of 12. 8%. However, this figure has declined slightly from its 1998 share of 13. 4%. The dip is due to Dell Computer Corp. â€Å"s heavy presence in the small PC market, (Industry Survey, Apr. 2000). Compaq has a wide range of PC products from smaller, less expensive machines to more costly, high-tech systems. CCC has been most successful with their smaller machines, targeted to the home/family segment, because they are able to sell large quantities. However, Compaq has been unsuccessful in retaining customers because most of them were pleased with their smaller machines and did not upgrade to CCC†s more expensive, high-tech systems,(Hamblen 1-2). Customer retention has been a problem for the forty billion-dollar company, (Hamblen 1-2). It is my assessment that Compaq does still remain the leader because their products are very easy to buy for the uneducated consumer. You may simply walk into the WIZ or BEST BUY and there are five or so Compaq machines all competitively priced with a good range of attributes, usually not the best that a veteran user would require. For instance CCC†s newest product, the iPac, is a very simple-to-use, inexpensive machine. It is supposed to satisfy business workers† needs for a useful computer at low cost,(Wildstrom 1-2). Another problem in CCC†s not-to-distant future is their distribution costs. With the use of the Internet, competitors have been able to reduce and even eliminate distribution costs. To follow suit Compaq plans to increase direct sales in the future, according to Micheal Capellas, CEO (Hamblen 4). The future for CCC is quite hazy. Despite the sales numbers and the heavy bottom line, CCC†s stock price has sat down in the low $30†³s,(Hamblen 1). Competition is increasing daily and Compaq needs to distinguish itself in the marketplace. They†ve already experienced a decline in markets share, only they can change their fate. Dell Computer Corporation, the second leading computer manufacturer, began by selling PC†s directly to consumers. Their first customers ordered over the phone and Wold Wide Web. To this day Dell still has no brick and mortar retailers and does not distribute its product to resellers. In the business to business market Dell has excelled, but until recently, the profitable company was not so profitable in the home-user segment,(Industry Survey, Apr. 2000). The company†s new strategy, to gain market share, has proven very effective. Dell now posts a 62% gain in world wide PC shipments and a 2. 6 share-point gain from 8. 2% in `98 to 10. 8% in `99,(Industry Survey, Apr. 2000). Recently Dell†s presence has been felt in the growing PC market. This has forced competitors to be very careful about pricing in this highly elastic industry. Dell†s profitability is also notable, since it has minimal distribution costs and does very little advertising Dell is extremely profitable. However, rough times may be on the horizon for Dell. Analysts are worried because profit growth projections were cut at least 10% by CFO Thomas Meredith, who declared he is only trying to set more realistic goals and that the company will still post growth, (Burrows 1-2). Recently Dell has made some key moves that should boost revenues including beefing-up its web site and a joint venture with Internet giant AOL, (Money 1-2). Dell Computer Corporation is still a major player in the PC industry and will continue to be in the future. Unlike Dell and Compaq, IBM has not had extreme success in the PC market. It is known that leaders at IBM never believed that the PC would be an important device and that only a small portion of the population would ever own a PC. Obviously, they were very wrong. IBM has not done a bad job catching up to the pack, though; it now has the number-three market share of 7. 6%, (Industry Survey, Apr. 2000). IBM plans some new strategies after its low ranking in the PC market. This new strategy is to end all retail selling and go completely direct, IBM plans to sell its Aptiva system exclusively over the Internet in the near future, (Industry Survey, Apr. 000). This will lower costs and possibly increase the bottom line for the computer giant. Like IBM, Hewlett-Packard made one mistake and cost itself billions of dollars in revenues. HP is a large electronics conglomerate. HP manufactures everything from calculators to top-secret government appliances. For HP the PC market is one of many. Originally Hewlett-Packard was the standard in computer electronics; however, this is not reality today. HP†s reputation declined through the `80s and early `90s because of poor quality management. To regain the respect they had lost the marketing and engineering departments at HP worked their fingers to the bone to create a new image for the company. This was very effective; today HP owns a modest 6. 2% of the PC market and a very healthy reputation for quality PC†s and peripherals, (Industry Survey, Apr. 2000). HP has had some growth in the past few years but has failed to match the industry growth rates. The company†s years of poor quality put a considerable hurt on their future growth; while HP was busy filling in the hole it dug for itself, industry leaders like Compaq and Dell were basking in their success. How to cite The Industry Structure The Behavior of Firms in the PC Industry, Essay examples

Crime in London Essay Example For Students

Crime in London Essay This night of all nights! and You go alone, suggests that there are deeper perils than what the man expects, the woman effectively saying that he cant count on them because hes made his own bed and has to lie in it. This suggests to the reader that many dangers lie ahead for the man. This entices the reader due to the promise of excitement, the supernatural and the revealing of the true nature of the haunting, as well as causing apprehension amongst the books audience. The setting is not set till relatively late only being stated about half way through. Doyle creates suspense here by leaving the reader in the dark on the setting almost forcing them to read on to find out. The great red room of Lorraine castle the use of the word great suggest that something big has happened in this room creating a foreboding atmosphere. The rooms name is the red room, this suggest something evil and hellish, red being associated with fire and fire with the devil, this bares resemblance to the other stories as well as making it clear that this room is not a good place. The use of the setting of the castle is key to the haunted and mysterious atmosphere Wells is trying to create. During Victorian times there was giant revival of Gothic interest called neo- Gothicism this was reflected in much architecture of the time and many novels. This makes the castle an ideal setting intriguing the reader and playing further on suspicions and ideas such as castles are haunted. During the night that the main character spends in the room he experiences many different supernatural occurrences. At one point the narrator is left completely in the dark in a struggle to keep ever going out candles alight. This plays on a key part of the human condition fear of the dark and fear of fear itself. to show the narrators fear is beginning to overcome his able mind, regardless of how much he attempts to not let the situation bother him speaking with a half hysterical facetiousness it is obvious he is overcome with fright.  The worst of all things that haunt poor mortal man and that is, in all its nakedness Fear! At the end of the story it becomes apparent to the narrator that there was nothing in the room at all except his own fear and insecurities. Throughout The red room There is never once a reference to a reference to any time period or any object that could be associated with a certain time. This creates and almost timeless quality to the story, adding to the mystery, because you never find out when it is set. Therefore never being able to completely identify with the main characters personal identity, because you do not know what time frame he is from, so never being able to clearly know exactly what type of man he is. Although in contrast this story is all about fear and the human mind which do not need a time to be identified with or understood, giving this story an ingenious timelessness. The signal man, The red room and The Man With the twisted lip are each stories telling very different and separate tales but all spawn from the same route. Mans natural curiosity of mystery, the misunderstood and the not understood. All of these storys have Dark connotations throughout referring to experiences of descending in to hell A steep flight of stairs leading down to a black gap like the mouth of a cave leading to the readers mind leaving the natural world. or referring to being in hell itself. Whether it be a man made trench of death from the signal man, a self induced hell hole of ruin and addiction from the man with the twisted lip or a natural hell that sprouts out of a mans own fear from the red room. .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e , .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .postImageUrl , .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e , .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e:hover , .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e:visited , .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e:active { border:0!important; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e:active , .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub996ae8060436c447408ff9b3024d91e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Evaluation of George Orwell's 1984 EssayEach of these stories is written in a first person narrative, This effect encourages the reader to feel not only as if they know the narrators but also that hey are in the exactly the same place as the narrator experiencing his life and everything that happens to them and feeling their emotions just as they do. This technique is used to immerse the reader in to the depths of each text, always including the reader with great effect in to the story. There is heavy use of imagery in all of these stories, playing an integral part of setting the scene. Whether it be thermal or light all are well backed up and complemented by clever use of adjectives. Its germinating darkness, from the red room describes a darkness spreading and growing almost sprouting in to life in the room. Thermal imagery is used in the signal man there was fire, although this may not seem so obvious i believe that it show that the signal mans box was warm and safe compared to its harsh surroundings. Geography can sometimes be extremely important to a story, such as in the the man with a twisted lip where it is important that the reader knows that the story is set in London mentioning areas such as East of London Bridge because of the social atmosphere at the time, and the high levels of crime in London, sherlock holmes provided some kind of hope. But in contrast It is not important to know exactly were in the country a story of supernatural mystery happens. In the signal man the only crucial facts are that The story is set in a railway trench and in the country were the narrator comes as it seems on holiday. This probably provides more mystery to the story as it makes the setting seem remote and like anything could happen and probably go un listened to or unnoticed. In the red room all that the reader needs to know is that the story is set in a castle with a haunted room. There is no need to know the location because it bares no relevance to the tale what so ever because there is no part of the story that ventures from the castle. All three stories are perfect examples of a variety of Victorian tales of mystery and suspense perfectly showcasing what made them attractive to the Victorian audience.

In 1800, President John Adams Lost His Bid For Re-election. Thomas Jef

In 1800, President John Adams lost his bid for re-election. Thomas Jefferson was voted in for the president. Adams, being a Federalist, disagreed with the beliefs of Jefferson, a republican, and feared that he would shift the power in the government to the states. To prevent this, Adams created many new judicial posts and filled them with Federalists. He did this in quite a rush, being he was going to be out of office soon. All the appointments were given to his Secretary of State to be sealed and delivered. Secretary of State Marshall completed all the documents except for the ones for the appointments for the District of Columbia. He assumed the next Secretary of State would complete them. When Jefferson found out about this he was mad. He order the new Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver the final appointments to the selected judges. One of the judges that didn't get his promised appointment was William Marbury. Marbury decided to take action in court. Marbury's argument was supported by Section 13 of the Judiciary Act. This stated the courts could force an official to perform an official duty. This is called a writ of mandamus. Marbury took this claim to the Supreme Court. The Justice of the Supreme Court is now James Marshall, Adams' old Secretary of State. If he issued the writ, Madison would ignore it and the court would be perceived as powerless. If he didn't issue it, people would think he was a traitor to his Federalist party. On February 24, 1803 a decision was rendered. It stated that Marbury was entitled to his appointment and that a court could issue a writ of madamus. He then went on to say that Section 13 was contrary to Article III of the Constitution which said that the Supreme Court had no original jurisdiction in the case. So a lesser court could legally give the writ of Mandimus. This case's importance isn't that William Marbury got his appointment as a judge in D.C. but that the Supreme court had the right to declare laws and acts unconstitutional. In this case Section 13 was considered conflicting with Article III and was therefore unconstitutional. This case said that the Constitution is the supreme and binding law of the land. It also pioneered a process, which after the Civil War was named Judicial Review. Judicial Review is the power of a court to refuse to enforce a law that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the Constitution. This is considered by many to be the most important Supreme Court decision ever. Its ramifications on modern day society are immeasurable. The belief of John Marshall and the other supreme court justices, that the Supreme Court had the power to declare laws unconstitutional can be found in Hamilton's 78th Federalist Paper. In this paper Hamilton says that the Constitution is law, and judges, not legislative or executives, should interpret the law. This is basically the same thing Marshall stated on that February 24th. A day not as famous, as July 4th but is right behind it, in being one of the most important days this country has had in regards to its government.

Driving Under the Influence Essays

Driving Under the Influence Essays Driving Under the Influence Essay Driving Under the Influence Essay One-third of all road accidents in the United States are as a result of drunk driving. In the year 2007 alone, the nation lost over 13,000 citizens in the name of road accidents. As if that is not enough, every forty minutes, United States of America loses a citizen due to alcohol-impaired driving. Therefore, every day in America, 27 people perish in drunk driving crashes. You do not need to be an analyst to tell that these statistics are far too much worrying. Makes you want to ask the question; how many more people do we have to lose as a nation until we can take this matter with the seriousness it deserves? Is the matter really beyond us or do we just choose to turn a blind eye on the same? Human life is sacred. The fact that to date, no one has been able to create it means it is a masterpiece and for that reason should be respected at all costs. This explains why birthdays are much celebrated whereas deaths are moments of pure sorrow and grief. The Almighty is the only giver of l ife and the right to take it should only be reserved to Him. However, drunk drivers do not seem to be in agreement with this, and that is why they continue to jeopardize the lives of others every time they get behind the wheel under the influence. This is a position paper, and it is going to expound on my thoughts, feelings and stand on drunk driving (Thompson, 2008). By the time, one is old enough to get to a driving school, he/she is old enough to know about the effects of alcohol on the human body. They know too well how alcohol alters the behavior and impairs the judgment of the user either through personal experience or from friends. Those who have not had a chance to any of the above two have witnessed it in news, movies and even stories from other people. Moreover, in driving school before one can qualify as a certified driver and awarded with a drivers license, they are made conversant with driving rules and the dangers of driving under the influence. As if that is not enough, there are posters, road signs, and ads all in an attempt to create awareness. What am I trying to say? I am trying to put across that drunk driving is never out of ignorance, they know too well what they are doing, and the dangers affiliated with the same but do it anyway. They have no much difference with those who commit homicide and are liable to face the same cha rges. Let me digress for a moment to paint the picture vividly (Kiesbye, 2011). Alcohol belongs to a group of drugs called depressants. The overall effect of depressants is delayed brain function, and a persons cognitive skills are significantly affected. These include hand-eye coordination, motor skills, judgment, reaction time and memory. We all know driving is a complex task that requires a combination of all these skills. Coordination of the hand and eye is crucial because it directs our movement on the road. A driver takes a lot of action on the road based on what they see. Their sight triggers the decision to slow down, brake, and take a right turn and obeying traffic signs. Alcohol takes away this ability; a drunk driver, for instance, may see a person and intend to brake or swerve to avoid hitting the person but since this hand-eye coordination is absent, ends up causing an accident (Martin, 2014). Secondly, memory is important, and it helps the driver be conversant with the landscape and nature of the route taken. Memory will help a driver remember where there are bumps, round-about, zebra-crossing and even different speed limits above which he/she should not drive. Alcohol interferes with memory, and we have cases of drivers speeding past speed bumps or forgetting sharp corners and running into buildings, tree or even over cliffs. Depending on the amount of alcohol ingested, ones vision is likely to be impaired. This is why drunk people are often staggering because they cannot tell where the ground beneath their feet is. Their vision is blurred, and some even start hallucinating. Needless to say, what such a person is capable of doing once they get behind the wheel (Illinois State Police, 2007). In summary, drunk driving is the leading cause of death among teenagers and young adults. Drunk driving is a crime punishable by law with a jail term or hefty fines. However, not many drunk drivers make it to the courtroom because of the severe nature of injuries sustained, and some succumb to it altogether. Traffic police also play a role in facilitating drunk driving. Some of them are corrupt and take bribes giving such offenders tickets and the mandate to kill. There may be strict laws in place to deal with drunk drivers, but the best ambassador is you. It starts with you, make it a personal initiative to take a cab when need be and advise your friends the same (Commission on Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program;, 2014). References Commission on Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program;. (2014). All about DUI: driving under the influence: a guide for your information. Virginia: Richmond. Illinois State Police. (2007). DUI: driving under the influence. Illinois: Springfield. Kiesbye, S. (2011). Drunk driving. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Martin, J. (2014). Driving under the influence. Melbourne: Victory Books. Thompson, T. (2008). Drunk driving. Detroit: Greenhaven Press.

Architecture, Women and History in Saudi Arabia Essay

Architecture, Women and History in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The Kingdom Centre is the property of Alwaleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, a prince of the Saudi royal family. Kingdom Centre is situated in Al-Urubah Road between King Fahd Road and Olaya Street in the growing business district of Olaya in Riyadh. In 2002 Kingdom Centre won the Emporis Skyscraper Award and was selected as the "best new skyscraper of the year for design and functionality. The three-level shopping center, which also won a major design award, fills the east wing. The large opening is illuminated at night in continuously changes colors. Besides the shopping mall, the Centre also includes a Four Seasons Hotel and state-of-the-art apartments. The ellipse motif taken from the tower's footprint appears in the light fixtures, ceiling panels, entrance canopy, wastebaskets, and furniture. The Shopping Mall contains 161 prestigious stores. The Al Faisaliyah Center was the first skyscraper constructed in Saudi Arabia, and the second tallest building in the country after the Al-Mamlakah . The golden ball constructed atop the tower is said to be inspired by a ballpoint pen. Inside the ball is a restaurant; at ground level, a shopping center with major world brands. This research project aims to put into context the role of women in Saudi and relating it to general history of the female of the west. Perceiving modern Saudi Arabian architecture and the significance of our visual perception to gender codification is what this historical project attempts to analyse. As gathered by word of the mouth, visual reception of the external shape or architecture of the two building is perceived publicly as food items, namely, a bottle opener and a toothpick. Public opinion as defined by Hegel is: "The formal subjective freedom of individuals consists in their having and expressing their private judgments, opinions, and recommendations on affairs of the state. This freedom is collectively manifested as what is called "public opinion," in which what is absolutely universal, the substantive and the true, is linked with its opposite, the purely particular and private opinions of the Many. Public opinion as it exists is thus a standing self-contradiction, knowledge is thus as appearances, the essential just as directly present as the inessential" 1 Pubic opinion, inspite of being inessential and self-contradictory, is of cultural significance. This expression which presents the essential and the rational reflects a genuine need for correct tendencies in common life in a form of common sense (Hegel: 1952:104). In this context, the sign signifying and pointing to the signified is an indication of a primary concern and at the same time leaves a lot to imagination. In his argument, Hegel also points to the origin of the human desires of enslaving as primarily due to the need for food and sex. In this primary culture one of the Hegelian parameters has dominated the perception of the two buildings. The other parameter is the object of this study. What is the importance of the other Hegelian parameter of desire in reference to this project The role of the feminine is an indication

Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managment - Assignment Example Some consider developing of stringent policies and regulation in solving of the problem which has been taking place for over one year. The problem statement will be helpful to the improvement team in defining the problem, thereby identifying the root cause. The point at which the 80% line intersects the cumulative percentage curve is the plotted on the x-axis, separates the fundamental causes to the left, and the less prominent causes to the right. Under operational flaws, the PT tools should concentrate on; activation switch malfunction, non functional electric system and mounting plate located off-center. The only less salient cause is motor failure. Under finish flaws, scratches and dents are fundamental causes while, surface finishing disfiguration in paint, damage to the casing and wrong color are less salient causes. Using Cost analysis, the activation switch malfunction, becomes an indispensable cause under operational flaws. The finish flaws principal cause will increase with the addition of damage to the casing being a significant cause. The inclusion of cost increases the number of fundamental causes due to increase in the cost of repair which increase the cumulative percentage of the causes. The activation switch malfunction becomes an essential issue because of the volumes and prices of failure resulting from it. Therefore, the increases in cumulative percentage of total cost of repairs are a result of increase in causes effect on the quality. Why-why diagrams are useful in the identification of problems that lead to failure. In the mail order problem, delay can be cause by the order message deliverer or problems with in the organizational systems which can be identified and resolved. It was developed by Karoru Isakawa with four main categories covering man power, ways or methods, materials and machinery if targeting manufacturing or policies, equipment, procedures and people in the case of Administration and service

Military National and International Security Studies Essay

Military National and International Security Studies - Essay Example It is stated by the researcher that today the interests of the security forces are centered on attainment of security, peace and prosperity among all the citizens of the nation and other nations with a similar focus to that of the U.S.A. The national security of the United States of America has been revolutionized through the promulgation of a security strategy document entitled, â€Å"National military strategy of the united nations (2011).† This was launched by the chairman of the joint security staff and endorsed by the president and the minister of state for defense. To succeed in its mission, the joint security forces were keen to overemphasize on the importance of integrating its security visions with those of the other elements of power in the state. The revolutionized American security strategy, that was a main focus of the discussion of the essay recognizes the application of principled leadership in the military intervention strategy with only a small allowance left for the use of force and coercion when diplomacy fails. The researcher mentiones that the success of this particular strategy requires that the security forces of the state are integrated well with the Americas’ power structure to facilitate its effectiveness. In conclusion, the researcher sums uo his study on the topic and states that American security agencies emphasize on the use of a more humble attitude with regards to other states relationships. Diplomacy is emphasized more and soft power such as foreign aid and less use of coercion and force.

Individual Reflective Report On Gibbs Cycle Of Reflection Education Essay

Individual Reflective Report On Gibbs Cycle Of Reflection Education Essay The Gibbs cycle of reflection is used in 2 incidences in the report. The first incident is the group project for CLS course on starch and second is the feedback given for the SIM course for the business report. In both of the incidences, problems are evaluated and necessary solutions are taken for the improvements. The solutions are action planed to make it achievable and measureable with in a specific time period. INCIDENT ONE: THE STARCH POSTER SESSION 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE INCIDENT: The incident happened during the starch poster session on the week 3 of commercialization of life sciences session. We were assigned a group project to commercialize the starch of a company. We were supposed to prepare a poster drawing the road for commercialization. The starch had several importances like high in fibre and decreasing the obesity rate. The poster was prepared showing the treads of obesity and how the starch will help the people have a healthy lifestyle. The market for the starch was collected from varies websites like euro monitor. The product advantage of the resistant starch was shown to that of Competitor Company. The road for commercialization of product was drawn. The poster was presented in the class. The same process was done by other groups. 1.2 FEELING OF THE INCIDENT (ON THE SPOT ANALYSIS): What I felt? I felt that the poster was not good in the visual representation even before it was presented. There were lot of gaps in the poster, the combinations of colours were not good and the content was not to the level of masters. During presentation, I managed the contents to give a good meaning yet I feared there was not enough data in the poster and I dont know the answer if I was questioned. Luckily, there were not so many questions. The only question asked was about how to create value in this poster which I managed to answer. What my group members felt? My group members felt that the poster was not as good as they expected. The visual content was felt very poor. No group member felt that there effort was shown in the poster. But everyone in the group accepted that the presentation by me was well done even though we had poor contents in hand. What did other group members feel? The other group members felt that the poster was good and well presented. Indeed it was better than the other groups. The other groups didnt proceed to take the starch to the market. They stopped at the point of analysing the importance of starch. The poster of other groups wasnt complete according to assigned work. What did the course instructor feel? The poster was appreciated by the course instructor for showing the market and how it can be commercialized. The course instructor felt improvements can be made in the poster especially in visual representation. 1.3 EVALUATION OF THE INCIDENT: Although it was a group activity only 2 of the group members did the poster with minor contribution from others. The group did not well co-ordinate for the project. Many members of the group taught it was simply unnecessary waste of time. Many group members felt that this was not the group they intended to be in and some of their actions like not contributing to group activities demonstrated their disinterest in co-ordinating with the group. The poor visual effects and content were due to the fact that many were not happy to work in the assigned group. Many conflicts were in the group on what content to put in the poster before the poster session. There was a conflict on who will present the poster on the day of presentation. Everyone wanted to present the poster and everyone wanted every letter of them to be in the poster. This was not possible because many of the contents were same and some of the data were not in the scope of the assignment. The group members felt that their efforts were neglected. Poor performance of the group was due to: Improper co-ordination of group members. 1.4 ANALYSIS OF THE PAST: This situation remembered me of the incident that happened once I was in my undergrad. The people were not happy to work in the group for the lab project. My team members went and stood with the friends in other groups. They used to chat and always my group had no results in the experiments. Out of 11 experiments in the lab we had result for only 2 experiments. The course instructor called each one in the group personally to know the problem. When he knew the problems he took the group to the dinner and helped us to know each other well. I remember he even assigned some nick names appreciating our good characters. We were taken for trekking to improve the co-ordination. After a month group members felt comfortable to work in the group and next semester we got 9 results out of 11 experiments in the lab. 1.5 ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNIQUE USED: The technique my undergrad course instructor employed was Wheelans Integrated Model of Group Development. Stage 1: Dependency and Inclusion In the dinner we exchanged the stories our own self about our families, friends and past life. The special talents we had like singing and dancing. Stage 2: Counter dependency and Fight We were introduced to topics that will cause conflict I remember some topics like Moral dress code made in colleges; we had conflicts that went for days. Stage 3 Trusts / Structure We were taken for trekking in steep mountains where we have to hold each other in order to be safe. We helped each other and build the trust. Stage 4 Works / Productivity When we went to work for the group lab project we still had conflicts but we had greater trust and were willing to help each other. That made as have good results in the lab in the next semester. Stage 5 Final This didnt apply to the lab group because we were in the same group till the end of my undergrad. I applied this technique number of times during my undergrad in order to form groups for cultural events in the university. 1.6 ANALYSIS OF WHAT WE COULD HAVE DONE FOR THE STARCH PRESENTATION: A similar approach like this should have been followed in the starch poster. Stage 1: Dependency and Inclusion We should have gone for dinner or indoor games. We should have known the individuals talents and appreciated him. So that he would have felt the importance of him in the group. Stage 2: Counter dependency and Fight We should have conflicted on the topics that like gulf war where everyone can talk and will contribute in a different way. Stage 3 Trusts / Structure We should have gone for activities and games like trekking in steep mountains where we could have build the trust and resolved our conflicts. Stage 4 Works / Productivity Then we should have worked in the starch poster so that everyone is willing to put the important contents in the poster. They would have taught the importance of group/team beyond their individual works represented in the poster. Stage 5 Final This wont apply to the group because we will be in the same group till the end of masters. 1.7 ACTION PLAN: The action plan is done for the better performance of the group in February in deciding the project that can be taken for the business plan. Step 1: Many group meetings are done not with motto of assignments but just to know each other better. (Have to be done before December.) Step 2: Many common issues of conflict are discussed about favourite actors and actress. The cultural misconceptions are conflicted. (Have to be done before January.) Step 3: The trust is developed in the individuals by trips to black pool and many places. (Have to be done before January.) Step 4: we have done the next presentation better but we have to still build the team because there will be more conflicts as only one project have to be selected for the CLS course to make business plan and others should accept it. (Have to be done before January.) 1.8 CONCLUSION: By following this technique I created high performance teams in my undergrad during cultural events. I believe the same management technique will work in the masters level and we will be able to select the project with less conflict. On the course of the analysis of this technique, Wheelans Integrated Model of Group Development; we will understand the talents of each member. This will help each member to work in the area in which they have great interest on and which they know better than other group members in the business plan. Thus the technique Wheelans Integrated Model of Group Development will help us do an excellent business plan for the CLS course. INCIDENT TWO: I GOT 54% IN SHAPING IDEAS FOR MARKET ASSIGNMENT. 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE INCIDENT: This incident happened on 17 December 2010. It was the feedback given for summative course work on the topic BUSINESS REPORT ON GENTRONIX in the course shaping ideas for market. Shaping ideas for market is one of my favourite subjects in my masters course. In this course I had special interest in reading number of books as possible. I read books like competitive strategy and balanced scorecards which were beyond the reading list. In the formative feedback this was reflected as my instructor mentioned your business model looks quite good and many things are just right. My reading and knowledge was well reflected in the class room when I answered I was always right and I knew the answer for every question put forward by my instructor. Such reflection in formative feedback and classroom sessions made me feel I will do well in the business report. I did the business report and when I submitted I felt I will get good marks yet the result was not that; I scored 54%. 2.2 FEELING OF THE INCIDENT (ON THE SPOT ANALYSIS): What I felt? I just felt the mark was not mine. I read the feedback completely and when the word Getronics came I was sure it was my mark. What did the course instructor feel? The feedback underlined area for low mark. The business template was not used. The referencing was not to the level of masters. Inappropriate usage of analytical tools. But the feedback mentions, A very confusing piece of work difficult after reading the whole assignment the markers could not understand what Gentronics really does and that makes it impossible to relate the analytical techniques used in the report. What my class members felt? When I said my marks many of my class mates felt I was simply lying and I was sarcastic. 2.3 EVALUATION OF THE INCIDENT: Understanding of what an assignment is; is derived from the past experiences in schools and colleges. The assumption I made in the assignment The business model is only a graphical representation of the theory. I could make my own graphical representation of the business model. I have referenced only a few articles in my undergrad when an assignment was given. Except for the literature review I didnt reference more than 5-6 references. The course instructor would clearly know what Gentronix really does before even reading the report as my undergrad supervisor knew, in and out the topic and checked whether I did it right. Yet clearly as the feedback mentions all my assumptions were wrong. And my 3rd assumption made my assignment impossible to be even marked. The lesson I have learnt is never change the template, an assignment is just like a literature review and I need to explain things from the scratch the markers dont know much about the company until I explain it in my report. This lesson was learnt at a great cost i.e. I lost 46% marks. Yet I have an exam for the other 50% to get things on track 2.4 ANALYSIS OF THE PAST: This situation remembered me of the incident that happened in my grad 10. It happened in the business mathematics course. I worked out hard for the exam I solved many questions as possible. I got answers for 8 questions out of 10 in exercises. In the main examination I failed to pass. In fact I got only 5 marks out 100. I remember the reason was I made a mistake in the critical equation that was the first step for every problem in the chapter. My course instructor could not give me marks because it was the first step of every problem in the examination. After I got the feedback I came to know, the mistakes I made was not only in the particular equation but I had mistake in number of equations. This problem was every time I did the sum I had the equation in front of me in the study room beautifully inscribed in colours. But in the exam hall I had no such equations in front of me and I failed to remember the inscription. The parameters and variables in the external environment changed in both of the occasions the shaping ideas for market and grad 10 examinations. And I failed. In my grad 10 I fought back the problem and I got 95 marks out of 100 in the final exam. The technique I used was improving my faith in the Napoleon Hills pyramid system mentioned in the famous book Think and Grow Rich 2.5 ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNIQUE USED: The technique revolves around 3 important parameters for success. The 3 vertices of the triangle in the success pyramid desire, faith and action. Napoleon Hills pyramid system Action Faith Desire In my 10 grad even after I saw 5 marks in the feedback I had a strong desire to score 100/100 in the paper in the final exam. The desire is just a wish and cant be converted into actions and goals unless I have faith in getting 100 marks. I had no faith in getting 100 marks after I got 5marks but I had faith in getting 10 marks. I made a goal that I will get 10 marks in the final exam I worked out problems and adopted techniques to get 10 marks. In a week I was very sure I will get 10 marks whatever the question paper and environment may be. With 100 marks as desire I had now faith to get 15 marks, I made goals and solved problems for getting 15 marks. I continued it till I increased my faith to get 100 marks. When I when for the final exam my parents and course instructor prayed that I should pass the exam. Yet I knew I am going to do it great and I did it. 2.6 ANALYSIS OF WHAT I COULD HAVE DONE FOR THE BUSINESS REPORT: I wish I could have got the assumptions right. Looked at business reports I could have got What is referenced how and how many? How business model template is used? What degree of basic data do the markers need about the company and its products? My next opportunity to employ my understanding would be my business plan. 2.7 ANALYSIS OF WHAT CAN BE DONE FOR SHAPING IDEAS FOR MARKET COURSE IN THE EXAMINATION: Every time, when the mark is low it affects the faith vertex in Napoleon Hills pyramid. Now I have faith in passing the shaping ideas for market exam with 50% marks. I will employ short goals to improve my mark by 10% every week. Work out different past question paper to find every time and in every paper I am consistently increasing the marks. I will check my confirmation by self analysis and discussion with classmates. I will do this until I am sure that I will get 100 marks. Personal SWOT to improve the shaping ideas for market marks Strength I have read Bragg and Bragg the course book. I know what is being done in classroom sessions. I have got good formative feedback and I was able to answer questions in the class. Weakness I have lost 46% marks in the business report. I dont understand where to use the tool and how to use them. Opportunity To look at past papers. To collect articles to see the usage of tools. Treats The pattern of exam and question paper will be new. I am writing an exam in the business course for the first time. Need to spend time for other exams. 2.8 ACTION PLAN: The 4 week plan to get high marks in shaping ideas for market Week 1: Revise course materials be confident to pass the exam. Week 2: See the past exam papers try to answer them within 30 minutes/question. Improve every time in answering the questions in time and content. Week 3: Discuss with friend on their views of exams and try to find the methodology adapted is same. Try to find what may be improved and what may be eliminated to score more marks. Week 4: Revise the work done for 3 weeks. Analyze all the possible risks. Be prepared a day before for the examination. 2.9 CONCLUSION: This action plan is made combining the SWOT and pyramid approach. The view of getting high marks is writing the exact number of words and information the examiner expects to see in the paper. This information on what examiner might expect is got by critically analyzing every session of the course which is the first week plan. The second week puts the understanding into action. The third week checks for faults and other class members views of the content presented in class. Week 4 taking note of what is very important, important and less important. This is a way of managing time where in 1.5 hours the exam is completed writing the very important and important details. Thus in exam I will never miss the very important or important details whatever the factors may be. This strategy is adopted in getting high marks.

Essay --

From the first time I watched this show in Vince McMahon claims that as he was about to announce "Welcome to WrestleMania III," he felt the spirit of his father Vincent J. McMahon, who had died three years earlier. After he made that announcement he introduced Aretha Franklin, who opened the show singing a rendition of "America the Beautiful."[24] The first match of the night was The Can-Am Connection versus Bob Orton and The Magnificent Muraco (with Mr. Fuji). This match ended when Rick Martel gave Don Muraco a high cross-body with Zenk on his hands and knees giving Muraco what Gorilla Monsoon called "A little schoolboy trip from behind" allowing Martel to get the win for his team.[1][25] The next match that aired was Hercules (with Bobby Heenan in his corner) against Billy Jack Haynes in the "Full Nelson Challenge." The match ended when Haynes locked Hercules in the full nelson outside the ring and both were counted out.[1][25] After the match, Bobby Heenan assaulted Haynes by kneeing him in the back, and Haynes chased Heenan into the ring, where Hercules then blindsided Haynes with his chain, hitting him a number of times with it before locking him in a full nelson of his own.[26] The Mixed Tag Team Match between King Kong Bundy and his midget team of Lord Littlebrook and Little Tokyo against Hillbilly Jim and his own midget team of The Haiti Kid and Little Beaver was next. King Kong Bundy's team was disqualified when Bundy attacked Little Beaver, because Bundy was not supposed to be in the ring with the midgets.[17] Bundy attacked Little Beaver after Beaver had "attacked" him on occasion during the match and finally got caught. The "Loser Must Bow" match between Junkyard Dog and King Harley Race (with Bobby Heenan and The Fa... ...hed to it, got on the microphone and said that Volkoff was not going to sing because America is the land of the free and the home of the brave.[26] While the match ensued, Duggan stayed at ringside. When The Iron Sheik locked a camel clutch on "Jumping Jim" Brunzell, Duggan, who was chasing Volkoff around the ring and finally into it, stopped and hit an unsuspecting Sheik across the back with his two by four in front of the referee, resulting in The Iron Sheik and Nikolai Volkoff winning the bout by disqualification. In what was billed as the "biggest main event in sports entertainment,"[30] the match pitted WWF Champion Hulk Hogan defending the title against Andrà © the Giant (with Bobby Heenan).[1] Howard Finkel introduced the guest ring announcer, "Mr Baseball" Bob Uecker, who in turn introduced the guest time keeper, Entertainment Tonight host Mary Hart. The fans

Are Child Proof Containers Really Child Proof??

Are Childproof containers really childproof Not really or you could say that they are (semi) child proofing but I say no! To me if 5-10 children can et the so called childproof container top off te its not childproof. Their not really childproof if the child can bang it on a hard surface for a while and manage to get the top off. A child can really get the cap off a pill bottle by throwing it or banging it on a hard surface cause I've seen it before i started this research and with one of my test subjects.The containers aren't child proof they're just a little tougher for old people to get them open and child resistant. I chose to this project cause I wanted to know : 1. What were childproof containers invented to prevent? 2. How does childproof containers work? 3. Are childproof containers really childproof? 4. Can a young child learn to open a childproof container? I went into this project wanting to know the answers to these questions. So I did this by gathering four â€Å"childp roof† containers and cleaning them thoroughly and sanitizing them .I gathered a cough medicine botle, prescription pill bottle, a toilet bowl cleaner bottle, a over the counter pill bottle, a cleaning supplies spray bottle, disposable gloves, test subjects, stop watch, masking tape, a permenant marker, a lab notebook, and graphing paper. With all this I tested a good amount of toddlers around the age 5-6 to see if they could get the childproof tops off the containers. I gave each subject a minute to open each container and if they couldnt get it open I showed them how to open it without any verbal contact and giving them another minute and a second try to open it.After testing all of the subjects I saw that many struggled trying to open the toilet bowl cleaner bottle and the aspirin container. Children that age, know that a way to get the top off a container is to twist. Many of my subjects didn't get the top off the toilet bowl cleaner nor the aspirin pill bottle. These two c ontainers need a little more than just a twist. The toilet bowl cleaner needs weight pushed on the top and then a twist.On the aspirin the two triangles are needed to be lined up and the kids don't know why the triangles are there so I didn't expect any to get that top off but a few proved me wrong. So when I saw them open it I was stunned! Some just twisted the top until the triangles luckily lined up and the top was eligible of being open. But test subject 18 opened it with seriously with no problem! In my mind I'm like okay who taught you that or are you at home just randomly being allowed to play with pill bottles at home? I really wanted to ask the fella but I said nawl its none of my business.On the other hand some of the kids just used the twisting the top to get the tops off. The pharmacy pill bottle and the cleaning supplies spray bottle is what the kids didn't have a problem getting off. Parents nowadays tend to let their children play with these containers cause their sup posingly â€Å"child proof†. Parents fail to realize that only some child proof containers are really childproof while the others are selling a lie. Due to these tops posing as a childproof top over 1 million children are accidently poisoned every year.These containers are false and the company should run test to make sure for a fact that they are a childproof top. Parents think the safety cap is going to give 100 percent security. They don't know how easily little kids can get into things like. Every 7 minutes a child is rushed to the emergency room because they are unintentionally poisoned. These containers play not only a role in the company but also in the parent/gaurdian or whomever is around at the time cause if the child isn't being watched then there ain't no telling what that child will get into.According to Consumer Product Safety Commission only keep out about 80 percent of the children under the age 5. The government isn't being hard enough when it comes to issues like this. If the government was harder on things like this then companies would change the way the tops on these containers are made. Once the companies change the way the tops are made by making them tougher to open then you'll have a lesser percentage of kids accidentally getting poisoned.Everything starts with the government but the company should want to change it if they see that their tops aren't as childproof as they think they are. Companies must realize that these things are life threatening and isn't a joke. A recent study showed that children as young as 2 can get into these containers. So what that tell you. Parents also need to realize that these tops are not child proof only child resistant. After doing this project I realize that all these containers posing of what they aren't. Not child proof but child resistant.

9 Professional Lessons from Donald Trump

9 Professional Lessons from Donald Trump Hate him or love him, Donald Trump has proved to be an†¦ummm, colorful addition to the 2016 presidential race. But long before he was wearing those Make Donald Trump Again hats, he was a go-to resource for flashy business entrepreneurtainment. Now, we’re not recommending a full on Trump-ification of your professional life, but here are some things we’ve learned from him (even if it’s what not to do) that could be applied to our own careers.1. Never let them forget your name.via Richard Bravo2. How ’bout a little flash?via Wikipedia3. Try new things.4. Be ready for the unexpected.5. Don’t take your job for granted.6. Don’t hate the player, hate the game.(Unless you do hate the player- in which case don’t go on a Twitter tirade against said player.)via BoardGameGeek7. Sometimes you just need a break.8. You’re not here to make friends.9. It ain’t over ‘til it’s over.via AmazonOh, and this goes without sayin g. Don’t sell steaks at sharper image. You will fail. Period.

The Merchant of Venice Essays

The Merchant of Venice Essays The Merchant of Venice Paper The Merchant of Venice Paper Essay Topic: A Woman Killed With Kindness Merchant Of Venice Play If a man has prejudged, negative opinions against a group of people, because of race, colour, wealth or any other reason, can he be considered to be uneducated in the modern world or has society merely educated him with narrow-minded views? The concept of racism, prejudices and inequalities is dealt with throughout Shakespeares A merchant of Venice and although it was written around 1598, like most of Shakespeares works the themes are universal and timeless which makes them very relevant to contemporary society. The main themes of the play are justice and mercy and how these is given and received in the bitter relationship between Antonio, the Christian merchant and Shylock, a Jewish moneylender. The merchant of Venice is considered to be one of Shakespeares comedies as it has a happy ending for most of the characters and an Elizabethan audience would find Shylocks tragedies amusing, but in the last four hundred years society has drastically changed. Would a modern audience have a different opinion on the treatment of Shylock or would the Elizabethan values remain? Fear of the unknown is part of human nature and the Jewish religion and its followers were very unknown to the vast majority people in Shakespeares time. Portia travels to Venice, manipulating and reinforcing the law by disguising as a man and turning Shylock’s case against him in order to help her husband’s bestfriend, Antonio. Portia states The words expressly are a pound of flesh. Take then thy bond, take thou thy pound of flesh, but in the cutting it if thou dost shed one drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods are by the laws of Venice confiscate unto the state of Venice. Portia reinforces the fact that you can enforce the law, but you may not always receive justice. Portia shows no mercy towards Shylock. This shows Shakespeare used Portia’s character to convey the theme of love throughout the Merchant of Venice, although it is not consistent.Portia did this out of love because she knows that if Antonio dies, Bassanio would never be happy with his marriage, knowing he killed his honest and truthful friend. Portia and Nerissa disguise as men of the law in order to win over not only Bassanio’s bestfriend’s case, but also his love. Bassanio and Gratiano’s love is tested by their wives, Portia and Nerissa. They are both given rings to keep until death. But when this ring parts from this finger, then parts life from hence. O, then be bold to say Bassanio’s dead! The ring plot is a minor part of the play, that reflects on the conflict of promises and explores issues of true love, where mercy is involved This quote by Bassanio shows how much he values the ring, but still he gives it to the judge who saved Antonio (Portia disguised as the judge), out of courtesy and acknowledgments. Though Portia and Bassanio come to love one another, Bassanio seeks her hand in the first place because he is preposterously in debt and needs her money. Bassanio states Is to come fairly from the great debts wherein my time something too prodigal hath left me gaged continued by Her name is Portia.She’s as rich as that famous Roman heroine. I want to reinforce this statement by clarifying that Bassanio only wanted Portia’s hand for her wealth. Bassanio even asks Antonio to look at the money he lends Bassanio as an investment, though Antonio insists that he lends him the money merely out of love. In other words, Bassanio is anxious to view his relationship with Antonio as a matter of business rather than of love. Love and friendship are effectively expressed through the characters of Bassanio and Antonio. Content, in faith.I’ll seal to such a bond, and say there is much kindness in the Jew. This quote stated by Antonio efficiently imitates his loyalty of love and friendship towards Bassanio. Shakespeare uses these themes to communicate the connection between Antonio and Bassanio. The subject of True love is communicated expressively through Bassanio and Portia. Madam, you have bereft me all of words. Only my blood speaks to you in my veins. Bassanio is clearly stating his feelings of true love towards Portia. Shakespeare has portrayed love and hatred through much of his play, The Merchant of Venice.He has illustrated this by the themes such as marriage, the ring plot, friendship and law. He has conveyed the issues of love and hatred effectively through his use of characters, the plot and specific language techniques. Shakespeare has enabled the aspects of true love and hatred through majority of the drama play and captured the deep connection amongst the characters Shylock, Antonio, Bassanio and Portia. This appeals and captivates the audience through the various techniques and interpretation of life. Shakespeare has applied these using typical day-to-day scenarios

My Investment Choices Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Investment Choices - Assignment Example Initial dollar estimates are encouraged; typically at this stage, however, they are not yet completely validated. On the basis of the strategic goals, it is necessary to consider three broad categories of potential integration (in the three central columns), and eventually, they place each major issue into one of these three categories, to reflect the level of integration required for obtaining optimized results (Camp, 2002). 2. It is possible to minimize "full integration" but accepts minimal integration. Selected corporate and staff functions will be merged and consolidated, primarily to achieve staffing synergies and cost-efficiencies. All strategic and day-to-day operating decisions will remain autonomous and decentralized, with agreed-upon requirements for reporting to the parent company (Reed-Lajoux and Elson 2000). Also, it is possible to minimize the integration of culture and organizational structure. Few initiatives or responses change the configurations or the environment of a company more visibly and dramatically than an acquisition does. 3. The main emotional and personal reasons to start a business is to obtain a high social position in society and respect. Many people start a venture in order to communicate with new people and self-actualize.

Strategic management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic management - Research Proposal Example This is because Saudi Arabia encompasses the geographical scope of the area that was inhabited by the Prophet of Islam and the various activities he was involved in, during his life and the founding of Islam. Due to this, the King of Saudi Arabia has the title â€Å"Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques† (Ramady, 2010). This is primarily because Saudi Arabia controls the two holiest sites of Islam: Mecca and Medina. Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy that is controlled by the core principles of the Islamic faith (Niblock, 2006). The King of Saudi Arabia has an absolute power over activities in the kingdom and his decrees are obeyed without question (Bowen, 2008). This is necessary to preserve his authority as a major figurehead in the world of Islam. Also, the king has the right and power to appoint authorities to run the various public institutions of the kingdom (Roberts, 2007). Until the 1930s when oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia, education was mainly steeped in Islamic study and Islamic law (Roberts, 2007). By the 1940s, the need to acquire higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia was recognized by the King of Saudi Arabia (Abiur, 1988). This is because Saudi Arabia had two main options: to either rely on foreigners who had the skills or send their nationals to Europe, America or other nations with modern institutions of higher learning to get educated. This was seen as undesirable because it exposed Saudis to lifestyles that were not seen as complementary. In 1949, the King of Saudi Arabia commissioned the first college in Mecca but it was to operate a religious curriculum (Abir, 1988). A teacher training college was established in 1952 but the Ulama or religious elites controlled these institutions. Finally, in 1957, the King commissioned the University of Riyadh. Several universities and institutions of higher learning were opened after this. As Saudi public institutions, the universities are ran by authorities that are appointed by

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example In the above statement, he emphasized on the imagination of people for bringing new product development with innovative technologies. In the gradual development of globalization, the technological advancement is one of the most vital factors. The process of globalization has led to change the thoughts, views and opinions of human beings and they become more capable of imagining which was once considered to impossible (Samli, 2011, p.125). The capability of imagination is the most powerful strength of mankind that has brought significant developments. Basically, the imagination acts as a tool for inspiration and it motivate people to be innovative. In this regard, Morgan has commented correctly that â€Å"imagination motivates people to climb mountains, to paints pictures and to win races† and people are applying their imagination in the field of business management (Morgan, 2001, p.79). The greatest innovation in the world is a successful outcome of imagination. People may pos sess necessary technological knowledge and expertise or necessary monetary requirement. No doubt that these factors are indispensible for product development but the first priory is creativity based on with the technological knowhow is applied for practical implications. Archytus of Taremtum, the great mathematician during 400 B.C. imagined and created a wooden bird which was able to fly. Finally, in 1950s, George C. Devol first invented and patented modern robot which was based on imagination developed by Archytus 400 B.C ago. There are also an ample numbers of such examples that proves that imagination is prime factors behind development of new products (Patel, 2011, p.5). Question 3 â€Å"Evaluation consumes high proposition of... The researcher states that in the process of strategic business management, evaluation is one of the most critical steps for any company. In the process of evaluation, the effectiveness of implemented strategies and performances of each responsible employee are assessed for further betterment of entire situations. The performance evaluation of each employee is helpful in identifying the areas of improvements though proper performance appraisal methods. These performance appraisal methods are also meant to offer promotions, higher remunerations and incentives. The process of evaluation affected time and energy of marketing executive that can be used for more productively. The task of marketing executives generally includes the development of marketing campaigns and promotions of products and services for generating higher amount of sales. Their tasks are very challenging and they have to use their creativity to attract the target audience and target market. Creativity comes from the i magination and for motivating the marketing executive to think creative marketing ideas, it is necessary to provide sufficient time and energy. In the evaluation process consumes the time and energy of each employee including marketing executive. Therefore, the management must consider such drawbacks of evaluation for marketing executives. William R. King have identified that performance appraisal of marketing executives are difficult to interpret as task of marketing like creating ideas cannot be directly quantify.

Study of Integrated Science Essay Example for Free

Study of Integrated Science Essay The importance of science in today’s world is overwhelming and therefore the education system throughout the world has geared itself to provide the required training in scientific skills to meet this growing challenge. Many countries have transformed themselves from poor feudal type economies through the increasing application of science and technology. China and India are two outstanding examples as they have grown to become economic and industrial power houses and in several ways compete effectively with developed countries. Any country which does not give the needed assistance to the study of science usually lacks development. Through science, bridges are constructed, vehicles manufactured, roads constructed and knowledge expanded. In spite of the relevance of science mentioned above, the pupils of Mampamhwe M/A JHS 2 have difficulty in studying and understanding science. The three aspects of pure science and one applied science (Agricultural science) have been combined to form the basis for the study of science at the junior high school. Collectively, they are known as integrated science. During the end-of-term examination, less than 40% of the thirty five (35) pupils in the class barely get above the average mark of fifty (50) in integrated science. The pupils mentality that, integrated science is difficult and poor methods of teaching can be counted as factors that have facilitated the poor performance of the pupils in the subject. Not using the scientific method of solving problems in the teaching of scientific problems and solving practical questions raises an eyebrow on how pupils can grasp the concepts of the subject. With pupils living in a community which major occupation is farming (cocoa to be precise) and pupils themselves engaging in farming activities, it would have served as a good ground for the application of agricultural science and biology which forms part of integrated science. But this seems not to be the case with the pupils. With the relevance of the study of science to the improvement of the pupils’ mind and life and also to the community as a farming one, prompted the researcher to study and investigate ways of improving the study of integrated science at JHS 2. Statement of the problem The problem which prompted the researcher to carry out this research is the poor performance of pupils in integrated science among the JHS 2 pupils of Mampamhwe M/A. It is therefore against this background that the researcher has decided to use the experiential approach to help solve this problem. Purpose of the study The reason why the researcher is carrying out this research is to: a) Identify the causes of the poor performance of pupils of Mampamhwe M/A JHS 2 in integrated science. b) Assess the effects of the poor performance in integrated science on the pupils. ) Establish possible solutions that can help solve the poor performance in integrated science. d) Provide teachers with some guidelines in improving the teaching and studying of integrated science. e) Help parents understand the conditions that they can put in place to help their wards improve their performance in integrated science. f) Provide suggestions to managers of education in Ghana when planning the syllabus. Rese arch questions Research questions for this study include the following: i) What difficulties do pupils of Mampamhwe M/A JHS 2 face in the study of integrated science? i) What are the major causes of the poor performance of the pupils in integrated science? iii) What are the appropriate interventions that can be taken to address the problem? iv) What is the effect of the project on the problem? Significance of the study This research will help pupils to recognize effective ways of learning integrated science which can bring about an improved performance in the subject. It will also help teachers of integrated science to vary their techniques or methods of teaching and choose methods according to the nature of the topic. Last but not least, it will also enable curriculum planners to include this practical work in the JHS science syllabus so that pupils at the junior high schools can make use of it. Delimitations This project work is limited to improving the performance of integrated science among only JHS 2 pupils of Mampamhwe M/A. This is because that is the class that the researcher was assigned to teach and has fair knowledge of their learning abilities. Also, out of all the subjects on the JHS 2 timetable, the researcher chose to carry out his research on only integrated science since it’s the subject assigned to him to teach. Last but not least, there were many approaches that could have been used for this study but the researcher deemed it best to use the experiential approach Organization of the study The research work is organized in five main chapters. Chapter one is titled ‘Introduction’ and it comprises the background to the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations, limitations and organization of the study. Chapter two is the review of related literature. It consists of the ideas and views of other writers, internet and other sources. Chapter three discusses the methodology which includes the research design, population and sample selection, research instrument, data collection procedure and data analysis plan. Chapter four considers the analysis of data based on the findings and discussions of the findings. The last chapter summarizes, concludes and also makes recommendation after the study.   Literature review Review of related literature in this chapter involves the systematic identification, location and analysis of documents containing information related to the research problem. It is designed to review works on the importance of the study of science in the basic school. The knowledge gained through the study of science plays an important role in the general education of the school curriculum, therefore, a large number of studies pertaining to the teaching and learning of science by many educationist and writers. This chapter considers the contributions of other researchers and their proposal suggestions for correcting these difficulties. The contributions are placed under the following headings in this chapter. Definitions of science. What is integrated science? Importance of science. Importance of science education as a school subject. Causes of poor performance of pupils in integrated science. Experiential method of teaching. Definitions of science According to Websters New Collegiate Dictionary, the definition of science is Knowledge attained through study or practice, or Knowledge covering general truths of the operation of general laws, especially as obtained and tested through scientific method [and] concerned with the physical world. Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena. The term science also refers to the organized body of knowledge people have gained using that system. Less formally, the word science often describes any systematic field of study or the knowledge gained from it. (http://www. sciencemadesimple. com) According to Wikipedia (2012), Science is obtained from the Latin word scientia, it means knowledge. It furthered on to say that, science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. An older and closely related meaning still in use today is that found for example in Aristotle, whereby science refers to the body of reliable knowledge itself, of the type that can be logically and rationally explained. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Science). It goes on to say that, in modern use, science is a term which more often refers to a way of pursuing knowledge, and not the knowledge itself. Dictionary. com (2012) defines science as a branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws. World English Dictionary (2009) also defines science as the systematic study of the nature and behavior of the material and physical universe, based on observation, experiment, and measurement, and the formulation of laws to describe these facts in general terms. The medical dictionary (2002) also says science is  the observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena. Such activities restricted to explaining a limited class of natural phenomena. Such activities applied to an object of inquiry or study. The science dictionary (2002) also defines science as the investigation of natural phenomena through observation, theoretical explanation, and experimentation, or the knowledge produced by such investigation. It continues to state that science makes use of the scientific method, which includes the careful observation of natural phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis, the conducting of one or more experiments to test the hypothesis, and the drawing of a conclusion that onfirms or modifies the hypothesis. In general, science can be defined as the systematic observation and classification of natural phenomena in order to learn about them and bring them under general principles and laws. According to Twumasi (2009), Science has three main branches, namely; Chemistry, Biology and Physics. Chemistry is an experimental study of substances and the useful compounds that can be formed from these substances. Chemistry also has three branches which include inorganic, organic and physical chemistry. Physics is concerned with the forces that exist between objects and the interrelationships between matter and energy. Biology is the study of living things and their interactions with the environment. Biology is also divided into plants, animals and ecology. What is integrated science? Integrated Science is a straight forward, easy-to-read, but substantial introduction to the fundamental behavior of matter and energy in living and non-living systems. It is intended to serve the needs of non-science individuals who are required to complete one or more science courses as part of a general or basic studies requirement. It introduces basic concepts and key ideas while providing opportunities for students to learn reasoning skills and a new way of thinking about their environment. According to wiki. answers. com, integrated science is a combine study of all areas of the sciences or the introduction of some areas in sciences. It goes on to try to differentiate between science and integrated science by explaining that integrated science is a course with merged topics like biology, chemistry, etc. whilst science is a big body of knowledge, it is about everything around us even inside our own body. Importance of science Below are some importance of science as identified by www. mikebrotherton. com. 1. Science exercises the mind and teaches logical thinking. 2. Science encourages skepticism and questioning assumptions and looking at things in different ways. 3. Making important decisions based on science instead of superstition or demagoguery or hatred or fear etc often produces better results. 4. The techniques of science (logic, testing hypothesis, gathering, data, etc) can be applied in daily life for â€Å"small† personal problems and activities (purchasing decisions, playing games, cooking, debugging software, etc), not just for â€Å"big issues† like physics, astronomy, technological development, etc. 5. Through the study of science, horrible diseases can be cured, or prevented entirely, and it can still provide hope for those with as-yet-incurable diseases. . Through science, people who love each other can talk to each other whenever they want no matter how far apart they are in the world, and can be together the next day through improved ways of communication and transport. 7. Science can show us what has caused mass extinctions and point the way to preventing similar catastrophes in the future. 8. Science can make us feel big and special for understanding the age of the Earth, the nature of stars, and the size of the universe, even if those things dwarf us. 9. Science gives us superpowers, like looking across the universe, seeing atoms, flying across the Earth or to the moon, moving mountains, and harnessing the energy of the sun. 10. Science has helped us to understand ourselves and the environment. 11. It shows the best way of solving problems. Importance of science education as a school subject Science, as a subject is universal and knows no boundaries. The claims of Science for inclusion in the school curriculum came to be recognized after years of active and persistent efforts. Science almost revolutionarized human life and proved indispensable for existence of man. Now, supremacy of Science has been established in every field. In fact, so great is its importance for man and society that the present day people live in an age of science. No one perhaps needs an explanation at present to include science in the school curriculum. Canon Wilson, a famous educationist in 1867, in support of inclusion of science as a School subject wrote, Science teaches what evidence is, what proof is’’. English, History, Geography, Classics etc. re taught because they provide a liberal education. The main object of imparting education is to turn out intelligent citizens able to appreciate and enjoy the beauty and wonder of Nature. They should be efficient in all walks of life and should take delight in the wealth of culture of past generations and civilizations. Hence, Science should form an essential part of the curriculum as it is the only subject which affords k nowledge of certain facts and laws and helps in achieving the main object of education. According to www. preservearticles. om, Prakash (2011), the following are the arguments in favor of integrated Science to be placed in School Curriculum: 1. Science provides unique training in observation and reasoning. Science students reason from definitely ascertained facts and form clear concepts. It makes one systematic and enables him to form an objective judgment. 2. The discoveries have added to the prosperity of human race with vast increase of knowledge. Herbert Spencer in his, What Knowledge is of Most Worth gives information which study of Science furnishes. According to him, Science learning is incomparably more useful for our guidance in life. Other chief subjects too provide an intellectual training not inferior to that of Science. Practically, we live in a world of scientific discoveries. So science education cannot be neglected. 3. Prof. H. E. Armstrong says that Science is taught to provide training in and knowledge of Scientific method, which is useful in the life pursuits. So this needs a School base of Science education. 4. Science has its cultural value. It has a literature of its own. The Scientific discoveries of Galileo, Newton, Faraday, Darwin, Pasteur, Kelvin, Bose, Armstrong and others are treasures of mankind. So, Science has won the first rank of humanistic studies. 5. Science has utilitarian value. It trains the child to use his leisure properly. These are clearly illustrated in scientific hobbies. 6. Modern knowledge of Science provides great intellectual pleasure. An educated person is under very great disadvantage if he is not familiar with that knowledge. 7. Knowledge of the methods of observation and experiment in the different branches of Science helps pupils to develop a logical mind, a critical judgment and a capacity for methodical organization. . Science is useful in that it remedies some of the defects of the ordinary school education. It is found to be the most valuable element in the education of those who show special aptitude. Science provides discipline of mind. Causes of poor performance of pupils in integrated science The poor performance of pupils in integrated science can be attributed to many factors. Alsop (1985) said â€Å"if science is to be learned affectively i t must be experienced, (UNESCO, 1973)†. The laboratory is a unique fact of science education. Tamir (1989) also said that in the developing countries especially sub – Saharan Africa, there are a number of factors contributing to the poor performance in science. Thus low per capital income, predominantly rural populations, economy based on primary products, experience of political independence and limited access to school particularly at the secondary level. The sub — Saharan Africa is the region which has the greatest difficulties in providing the normal facilities of trained teachers, laboratories and equipment for teaching practical science. Also Toh (1990) said, prior knowledge, attitude to school, attitude to cience and academic self concept affect success in the performance in science investigation, and he continued to say that explicit understanding is not adequate for success in science investigation. Moreover, Torto (2003) said, gender disparity in education also leads to poor performance in science especially among woman. She said, female still have low access to education, low participation and poor performance in many subject. Many factors which are home, community and school based, continue to restrict development female education she said further that, factors within the classroom are not only uses of gender imbalances in education. Home based factors which include family size, household income, parents’ education, cultural and traditional beliefs all contributed substantially to poor female enrolment in school. Gott and Mishiter (1987) also added that, science education is in a state of rapid change. In recent years there has been an ongoing debate concerning the importance of concepts and process in our science courses. This debate has been brought into tighter focus since the autumn of 1988 in England and Whales with the advent of the national curriculum in science. Shito (1958) stated in the daily graphic that the community regards science students who are females as witches and ugly. In addition to this, Femsa project staff (1995) conducted and presented a research on the availability of resources and facilities for teaching and learning science as well as mathematics in Africa. They said that, where resources and facilities such as teacher textbooks, laboratories, chemicals, tools, textbooks, laboratory tools and equipment, teaching aids, store, office etc. are inadequate, it makes the teaching of science to become teacher centered. This type of approach is heavily dominated by the teacher as he or she lectures the subject, gives notes and demonstrates the practical aspect of the lessons. The students remain passive participants expected to listen and observe only. July (1925) said if science education is to be lectures and demonstration, then no results could be achieved in the future. He also added that any school that claims to teach science only theoretically is not a school. Morii (1434) said, a teacher is capable of teaching and implementing quality education if he is given what he is suppose to be given (an ancient scientist. He also added that the poor performance of science is due to low motivation given to teachers. According to Dzama (1999) causes of poor performance of pupils in science is as a results of absence of vocational incentives rather than by conflict between science and African traditional values and beliefs. He argued that conflict between science and traditional beliefs and values is not peculiar to Africans. He also demonstrated that in the growth of science in developed countries, improvement in the performance of students succeeded rather than proceeded industrial and technological development. Experiential method of teaching According to Wikipedia (2012), experiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. Simply put, Experiential Learning is learning from experience. The experience can be staged or left open. Aristotle once said, For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them. David A. Kolb helped to popularize the idea of experiential learning, drawing heavily on the work of John Dewey, Kurt Lewin and Jean Piaget. His work on experiential learning has contributed greatly to expanding the philosophy of experiential education. Experiential learning focuses on the learning process for the individual. An example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning through observation and interaction with the zoo environment, as opposed to reading about animals from a book. Experiential learning requires no teacher and relates solely to the meaning making process of the individuals direct experience. However, though the gaining of knowledge is an inherent process that occurs naturally, for a genuine learning experience to occur, there must exist certain elements. According to David Kolb, an American educational theorist, knowledge is continuously gained through both personal and environmental experiences. He states that in order to gain genuine knowledge from an experience, certain abilities are required: 1. the learner must be willing to be actively involved in the experience; 2. the learner must be able to reflect on the experience; 3. the learner must possess and use analytical skills to conceptualize the experience; and 4. The learner must possess decision making and problem solving skills in order to use the new ideas gained from the experience. Experiential learning can be a highly effective educational method. It engages the learner at a more personal level by addressing the needs and wants of the individual. Experiential learning requires qualities such as self-initiative and self-evaluation. For experiential learning to be truly effective, it should employ the whole learning wheel, from goal setting, to experimenting and observing, to reviewing, and finally action planning. This complete process allows one to learn new skills, new attitudes or even entirely new ways of thinking. Most educators understand the important role experience plays in the learning process. A fun learning environment, with plenty of laughter and respect for the learners abilities, also fosters an effective experiential learning environment. It is vital that the individual is encouraged to directly involve themselves in the experience, in order that they gain a better understanding of the new knowledge and retain the information for a longer time. As stated by the ancient Chinese philosopher, Confucius, tell me and I will forget, show me and I may remember, involve me and I will understand’’. According to learning consultants, experiential learning is about creating an experience where learning can be facilitated. How do you create a well-crafted learning experience? The key lies in the facilitator and how he or she facilitates the learning process. An excellent facilitator believes in the creed: You teach some by what you say, teach more by what you do, but most of all, you teach most by who you are. And while it is the learners experience that is most important to the learning process, it is also important not to forget the wealth of experience a good facilitator also brings to the situation. An effective experiential facilitator is one who is passionate about his or her work and is able to immerse participants totally in the learning situation, allowing them to gain new knowledge from their peers and the environment created. These facilitators stimulate the imagination, keeping participants hooked on the experience. Creating an experiential learning environment can be challenging for educators who have been taught through traditional classroom techniques. Identifying activities that allow learners to understand and absorb concepts can be a new and daunting experience. However, by providing direct experience in addition to standard written and visual materials, learners with different types of learning styles and strengths can be accommodated. Sudbury model of democratic education schools assert that much of the learning going on in their schools, including values, justice, democracy, arts and crafts, professions, and frequently academic subjects, is done by learning through experience. Summary Science can be defined as the systematic observation and classification of natural phenomena in order to learn about them and bring them under general principles and laws. Science has been part of man in time past and has even become more of man’s life in recent years. The usefulness of science can be seen by the things around us; the roads, bridges, cars, computers, refrigerators etc. The selection and study of some aspects of science as a whole is what is termed as integrated science. To defend the study of integrated science and science as a whole in schools, Canon Wilson, a famous educationist in 1867, wrote, Science teaches what evidence is, what proof is’’. According to Prakash (2011), Science learning is incomparably more useful for our guidance in life. Many researchers are of the view that, learning is best understood when it is experienced as stated by the ancient Chinese philosopher, Confucius, tell me and I will forget, show me and I may remember, involve me and I will understand’’. According to David Kolb, an American educational theorist, knowledge is continuously gained through both personal and environmental experiences. Also, Aristotle once said, For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them. According to learning consultants, experiential learning is about creating an experience where learning can be facilitated. An excellent facilitator believes in the creed: You teach some by what you say, teach more by what you do, but most of all, you teach most by who you are.   This chapter talks about the research design that the researcher used in solving the problem, the population and sampling solution, research instruments, data collection procedure and data analysis plan. It also describes the type of research used in the study. It also involves the method of data collection, pre-Intervention, intervention and post- intervention stages. Research design Research design is a plan which specifies how data relating to a given problem should be collected and analyzed. It provides the procedural outline for conduct of any given investigation. The research design used is an action research design which is directed towards solving a specific problem at the classroom level. This type of research is usually undertaken by either a teacher or group of teachers in a school to solve a peculiar problem in the classroom or in the school as a whole. The design makes work very easier and simpler. This is due to the fact that, it does not involve inconveniences such as travelling etc. The design deals with a particular group of people in a given area concerned and helps to solve the problems which specifically affect him/her. Action research also helps the teacher to understand what actually goes on in teaching and learning situations. It is important in the sense that, it does not only enhance teacher’s professional status but also promotes teacher’s personal improvement of his/her practices. It is through action research that the teacher can evaluate his or her teaching effectively. Action research is also conducted with the purpose of solving classroom or local school problems through the application of the scientific method. Moreover action research helps teachers to understand better, all aspects of their practices in relation to the subject content, the curriculum, and the methods that are more appropriate to the levels of pupils in their class. Finally, action research helps teachers to be equipped with knowledge on the various approaches or methods that they can use to suit the children they teach. In spite of the outlined strength, the results of the design cannot be generalized. This is because the design does not cover a wide range of people and it seeks to detect and solve a problem affecting a particular group of people. This tends to be a weakness on the part of the action research. Population and sampling selection A population of 113 pupils at the junior high school was used for the study at Mampamhwe M/A JHS in the Obuasi Municipal Assembly. Though this number at the junior high school was considered, JHS 2 class was sampled for the study. The average age of the sampled class was fourteen (14) years. The table below shows the distribution of the sampled class. Table 3. 1 Distribution of pupils’ gender |Gender Number Percentage (%) | |Boys 16 44 | Girls 20 56 Total 36 100 | | | |This class was chosen for the research because the researcher was assigned to teach Integrated Science in that class. | | | Research Instruments I used two main strategies to detect how pupils learnt science. I initially had with pupils an oral discussion on a science topic and afterwards asked pupils oral questions on it. An exercise was later given to pupils based on the same topic discussed. Discussion The discussion method was aimed at finding out how pupils understand the principles of a topic if orally narrated and discussed in class. Discussion method stimulates critical thinking. Frequent questions whether asked by the researcher or the pupils, provide means of measuring learning and exploring in-depth the key concepts of the course. During discussions, pupils’ answers to questions could help the researcher to determine whether they have experienced what they are saying or they just read them from books. Exercise The purpose of the class exercise was to allow pupils to freely express themselves in the way they understood the topic that has just been taught. Pupils’ answers to questions will give the researcher the idea on how best they understand a topic when orally discussed with them. It also gives the researcher a clearer idea of how pupils think science is. Whether they think science is a written down facts that can never be tampered with or they think science is everything that goes on around them and they can verify each and every aspect of it. Data Collection Procedure Pre-Intervention Stage A lesson on corrosion and rusting from page 25 of pupils’ text book was selected and delivered by discussion method. Pupils had the basic concept of corrosion and rusting but could not different between the two. The factors responsible for rusting to occur were also discussed and few points were written for pupils to copy. From pupils’ answers given during the discussion, the researcher observed that pupils knew that rusting occurs on metals when they are left in the rain but cannot exactly tell what is responsible for it. This was explained to pupils. An exercise was then conducted to see how pupils understood the lesson. The exercise required pupils to state whether or not an iron can rust if it was kept a) under a bed b) on the ceiling c) in hot water d) inside a refrigerator e) in a hot water with oil spilt on the surface. Though pupils’ contributions to the discussion were favorable, about one-fourth of the class was able to score 3 out of 5 in the exercise. This showed that, pupils may have understood what was taught in the class but cannot apply it in real life situations. I looked at the exercise and recorded pupils correct answers without marking so that pupils could not tell whether they were correct or wrong. Besides that, there might have been some pupils in the class whose attention was somewhere else or did not understand what was been discussed but since most of the class were contributing, the researcher took it that, the whole class was contributing to the discussion. In practical lessons, this problem cannot be overlooked. Intervention Stage The class was divided into four (4) groups and each group was given an experiment to carry out. Each group was given three (3) new iron nails. The first group was asked to put their nails into a plastic or rubber container, cover it and place it under a bed for a week. The second group was asked to add water to their nails in a plastic container and place it inside the school refrigerator. The container should be left open. The third group was asked to also put their nails in boiled water, cover it and keep it for a week. The fourth group was also asked to place their nails into boiled water, pour oil on the surface and cover it tightly. After a week, pupils presented their experiments to the class and explained to the class the apparatus used for the experiment and what happened at the end of the experiment. Each member of the group had his/her own written report of how he/she saw the experiment go. One member of each group does the presentation with the other group members standing behind him/her. After the explanation, questions are thrown to the group and the other members are to answer. Some of the nails rusted whilst others did not. The absence of atmospheric oxygen in the boiled water covered with oil did not allow those nails to rust. So besides the fourth group’s setup, the rest of the setups caused the nails to rust due to the presence of oxygen or moisture. Post-Intervention Stage The class exercise that was given to pupils during the pre-intervention stage was again given to pupils to answer again. This time the researcher marked the exercise and saw many changes as compared to the answers they wrote before the intervention stage. Many wrong answers pupils wrote in the first exercise were corrected. Limitations Many problems may militate against this study but the few ones I would like to enumerate here include: 1. Problem of finance: The researcher will have to travel to other tertiary institutions to use their libraries if the researcher’s local library cannot provide the necessary books needed. Money will also be spent to buy airtime and data bundles to enable research on the World Wide Web. Without money, all these cannot be possible. 2. Time factor: The time at the disposal of the researcher is very limited and for that matter may not permit such an intensive coverage. Also there might be other written documents which may contain detailed information about this research work but due to the limited time available to the researcher, he may not review those documents.